Abstract: Objective To aware tooth wear of mandibular first molar (MSUB>1/SUB>) in Bronze-Iron Ages from Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia. Methods Tooth wear of MSUB>1/SUB> from Xinjiang (EM>n/EM>=77) and Inner Mongolia (EM>n/EM> =123) human mandibles was recorded, and then comparisons were made among groups using SPSS 13.0 software. Results Tooth wear of Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia people was more obvious than modern human, which might indicate that food in Bronze-Iron ages was much rougher. Tooth wear in Xinjiang was more obvious than that in Inner Mongolia. The tooth wear from Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia had some common traits: there was no big difference in MSUB>1/SUB> -tooth wear between left and right sides, and male’s tooth wear was more obvious than female. Conclusion Tooth wear in Xinjiang is more obvious than in Inner Mongolia, and the difference may be related to food, economic

Key words: Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Mandibular molar, Tooth wear, Physical anthropology, Human